HIST 3401 Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HIST 3401 Final Exam - Essay Example If you do not think the lives of either of these groups changed dramatically, explain using relevant sources. The time period between the American Revolution and the Reconstruction were one of uncertainly and instability in American socio-politics. Having valiantly won its freedom from the British Crown, the fledgling nation was taking cautious first steps toward self-assertion. But even as America’s presence as a global power was taking root, its society was beset by longstanding issues. The social issues could be broadly divided across the twin axes of race and gender. Racial discrimination of colored people and gender oppression of women were two chronic malaises. At the time of the Declaration of Independence and the framing of the Constitution, blacks were considered as unequal to whites. This is reflected in the early laws of the country where segregation and slavery were legally sanctioned. The basis of these draconian laws was the prejudiced conception of blacks as onl y three-fifth human (whereby whites are the benchmark of full humanity). Such unscientific beliefs garbed in the language of logic and reason had stalled black emancipation during the century in question. It wasn’t until the Civil War, with the escalating conflict between the Confederates and the Unionists that blacks saw a glimpse of hope. In light of this fact it is fair to say that the century preceding the Reconstruction were one of bleak misery for blacks. Women fared none too better during this period. In 1865, â€Å"North Carolina law granted former masters preference in the apprenticeship of former slaves’ children. Although mothers and fathers both endured the hardships of these losses, women’s experiences diverged significantly from men’s.† (Zipf, p.9) Christian Evangelicalism offered hope of equality for blacks and women. Though it provided opportunities for liberation, it was ultimately limited by race and gender just as the democratic reform movement had hit a stumbling block. Sometimes holy scriptures were themselves invoked in justifying racial and gender oppression in Christian institutions. The biblical sanctioning of human bondage proved very convenient for perpetrators of slavery. But where Evangelicalism helped is in the Baptists’ and Methodists’ earnest resolution to convert slaves. They â€Å"welcomed slaves at their revivals, encouraged black preachers, and above all else, advocated secular and spiritual equality. Many of the early Baptist and Methodist preachers directly challenged slavery.† (Goldfield, Chapter 10, p.10-7) Looking at it as a promise of liberty and deliverance, the slaves received the evangelical gospel in loud, joyous, and highly emotional revivals. They made it integral to their own culture, â€Å"fusing Christianity with folk beliefs from their African heritage.† (Goldfield, Chapter 10, p.10-7) In this milieu, such religious communities offered the erstwhi le oppressed opportunities for voice, authority, and labor within a system that also had its share of flaws. The new freedoms that could be availed of therein outweighed the disadvantages. 4. Did women have an impact on American political culture throughout the span of the nineteenth century? Why or why not? In many ways, women are history’s largest minority. Their voice was for most part suppressed under male domination. It is only in recent decades that they have attained legal and nominal equality with men. America has been a theatre for women’s rights going back to the late 18th and 19th centuries. The Catholic Church provided a semblance of political emancipation for women. This it achieved through allowing Sisters to assume high offices within the rigid hierarchy of the institution. Though there was a degree of democracy

Chemistry TAS Report Essay Example for Free

Chemistry TAS Report Essay 1. Experiment Number : 10 2. Date : 18/01/2008 3. Title : Determination of the equilibrium constant for the reaction : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = FeSCN2+(aq) 4. Aims/Objective : To determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = FeSCN2+(aq) 5. Introduction / Theory: In this experiment, the equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion, FeSCN2+(aq), is determined. Complex ions, thiocyanatoiron(III) ions, are formed from iron(III) ions and thiocyanate ions in aqueous solution : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = FeSCN2+(aq) (1). see more:chemistry matriculation notes semester 1 The equilibrium constant for this reaction is:Kc = [FeSCN2+(aq)] (2) [Fe3+(aq)][SCN-(aq)] The product complex ion is the only one of the three species which has an appreciable color (blood-red). 6. Relevant Equations/Chemical Reactions Involved : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = FeSCN2+(aq) 7. Chemicals : 0. 002 M KSCN(aq) 50 cm3 0. 2 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) 20 cm3 8. Apparatus and equipment : Boiling tube 5 Dropper 2 10 cm3 measuring cylinder 1 Lamp 1 25 cm3 measuring cylinder 1 Wash bottle 1 Safety spectacle 1 250 cm3 beaker 1 9. Procedure : 1. 0. 2 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) was used and 10 cm3 of 0. 08 M, 0. 032 M, 0. 0128 M, 0. 00512 M Fe(NO3)3(aq) were prepared respectively. The solutions were added by using 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to 5 clean boiling tubes in a rack as below. Tube No. 1 2 3 4 5 SCN-(aq) / cm3 10 10 10 10 10 Fe3+(aq) / cm3 10(0. 2 M) 10(0. 08 M) 10(0. 032 M) 10(0. 0128 M) 10(0. 00512 M) 3. Tubes 1 and 2 were wrapped around with a strip of paper so that light was excluded from the side. 4. The solutions towards the lamp were looked vertically down to compare the colour intensity. 5. Some of the solution from the standard tube 1 was removed with a dropper until the colour intensities of solutions in both tubes were the same. And the removed liquid was put into a clean and dry beaker. 6. The depth of the solution in tube 1 was then measured. 7. Steps 3 to 6 were repeated with tubes 1 and 3, 1and 4 and finally 1and 5. 10. Observations : The colour intensities of the solutions in the two tubes being observed were the same. 11. Data, Calculation and Results : Height of solution in original tube 1 = 59 mm Height of solution in tube 1 having the same colour intensity as tubes 2, 3, 4 and 5 are : Same colour intensity as 2 3 4 5 Height of solution in tube 1 (mm) 45 35 28 23 12. Conclusion : The equilibrium constant for the reaction : Fe3+(aq) + SCN-(aq) = FeSCN2+(aq) was found to be 82. 1 M-1. 13. Discussion : 1. By M1V1 = M2V2, For tube 1, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 1 M For tube 2, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 04 M For tube 3, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 016 M For tube 4, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 0064 M For tube 5, initial concentration of SCN-(aq) = 0. 001 M initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) = 0. 00256 M 2. Concentration of FeSCN2+ in tube 1 = 0.001 M 3. Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 2 = 45 /59 = 0. 763 Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 3 = 35 /59 = 0. 593 Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 4 = 28 /59 = 0. 475 Ratio of depth in the colour comparison with tube 5 = 23 /59 = 0. 390 Equilibrium concentration of thiocyanoiron(III) ions: In tube 2 = 0. 001 x (45 / 59) = 7. 63 x 10-4 M In tube 3 = 0. 001 x (35 / 59) = 5. 93 x 10-4 M In tube 4 = 0. 001 x (28 / 59) = 4. 75 x 10-4 M In tube 5 = 0. 001 x (23 / 59) = 3. 90 x 10-4 M 4. [Fe3+]equil = [Fe3+]initial [FeSCN2+]equil = 0. 04 7. 63 x 10-4 = 0. 0392 M [SCN-]equil = [SCN-]initial [FeSCN2+]equil = 0. 001 -7. 63 x 10-4 = 2. 37 x 10-4 M 5. Room temperature = 16 oC K = [FeSCN2+]equil / ([Fe3+]equil[SCN-]equil) = 7. 63 x 10-4 / [(0. 0392)(2. 37 x 10-4)] = 82. 1 M-1 6. There are few sources of error in this experiment. (1) Determination of colour intensity in the two tubes observed might not be accurate. (2) Taking reading when measuring the depth of liquid. Error estimation When taking initial reading, error is + 0. 05 cm3. When taking final reading, error is also + 0. 05 cm3. Therefore, error is + 0. 1 cm3.

The History and Rise of Christianity Essay -- Religious Persecution, r

Intro: Christianity is the largest religion in the world with over 2.1 billion followers. That’s 33% of all the people in the world. No other religion can compare to it. Other religions like Judaism and Sikhism have less than 1% of the people in the world as followers. Christianity was started around 1 A.D. when Jesus Christ of Nazareth was born, although he didn’t start preaching until he was 10 or 11 years old. His teachings weren’t accepted as a state religion until around 313 A.D. by the Roman emperor, Constantine. Most Jews pulled out of the Roman religion to study Judean law and wait the coming of the Messiah that they were promised in the Old Testament of the bible (Christian scripture). This particular religion was accepted because there were too many cults, mysteries and philosophies about the way of life. Christianity also accepted (and still accepts) any believer, from workers, to slaves, even ex-criminals and women. Christian belief is based on the verse of John 3:16. â€Å"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten son, that who ever believes in him sh...

Essay --

Walt Disney Every little girl and boy at some point in their life, wanted to be a Disney character of some sort whether it be Cinderella, Aladdin, Mushu, or even the famous Mickey Mouse. Walt Disney Company has been worldwide, and has had a moving impact on both children and adults since it first started in 1924. â€Å"All your dreams can come true – If we have the courage to pursue them† (Disney) Throughout Walt Disney’s life he has been an inspiration to all through his never-ending imagination, his magical theme parks, and his charming cartoons. Walt Disney was born in Chicago on 5 December 1901, the youngest of four sons, with a sister to follow. In 1906 his family moved to a forty acre farm in Marceline, Missouri. Walt’s father Elias, after four years of proving unsuccessful as a farmer and then being afflicted with typhoid, had to sale the farm and eventually move the family to Kansas City, Missouri. Walt would always speak of life in Marceline with a great sense of homesickness. To him the small town signified what was best about America. In Kansas City, Walt and his brother Roy helped their father deliver papers every morning and evening. A few years later they returned to Chicago, and while working several jobs, Walt took classes at the Chicago Academy of Fine Hope 2 Arts, the only art training that he would ever get. Even though as a child he was told he had no imagination he didn’t let that stop him from doing what he truly loved to do. One of the ways he is an inspiration to all is through his willpower to never give up. Disney's cartoons became widely popular in the Kansas City area, and through their success, he was able to purchase his own studio, Laugh-O-Gram, unfortunately, studio profits were unable to cover the... ...ted, warm loving woman who loved every child. Travers, who died in 1996, became a rich woman thanks to the film royalties but refused to work with Disney again. The new film is a Disney production. Her experience with Hollywood executives was so bruising that she agreed to a Mary Poppins stage musical by Sir Cameron Mackintosh on the proviso that "no Americans" be involved in its creation. But in Hope 5 the end Marry Poppins ended up winning five Academy Awards including best actress for Dame Julie Andrews. Throughout Walt Disney’s life its seen that his never-ending imagination, his magical theme parks, and his charming cartoons have encouraged and thaught people that no matter what your circumstances, or how many time you have fallen down, you need to get right back up and try again, and never give up. Because, â€Å"If you can dream it, you can do it† (Disney).

Jack: Straight From The Gut by John F. Welch, Jr. Essay

Overview: An autobiography, Jack: Straight From The Gut provides John F. Welch, Jr. the opportunity to guide us through not only his time spent as Chairman and CEO during a forty-one year career with General Electric (GE), but also his early years, and his family life outside of GE. From his days as a first grader growing up in Salem, Massachusetts playing gin with his beloved mother, to his welcoming of Jeff Immelt as his successor as CEO, Welch describes in fast moving detail his thoughts, feelings, wins, and losses, all in chronological order. As a child Welch respected and admired his father, but cherished his mother and maintained a bond with her that he references long after her death in 1965. She imparted him with enormous self-confidence and leadership skills that he developed early and kept with him through high school, his undergraduate years at the University of Massachusetts, graduate school at the University of Illinois, and ultimately throughout his time with GE. As Welch describes his GE career, he conveys many of the characteristics that led to him become CEO. Most notably, he credits his energy, passion, and integrity for his success and emphatically emphasizes that other leaders must search for those same values when building teams and cultivating talent. Along the way Welch highlights his many victories but gives equal time to his mistakes. Above all he notes â€Å"people† as the defining factor in success or failure. â€Å"In fact, GE’s all about finding and building great people, no matter where they come from. I’m over the top on lots of issues, but none comes as close to the passion I have for making people GE’s core competency.†1 Review: A quick search under â€Å"Jack Welch† on Amazon.com shows eleven different book titles, all of which, in one form or another, spread the wisdom of a man regarded widely as America’s most admired business leader. From that, one might surmise that Jack: Straight From The Gut would follow the recipe for discussion on such GE tenets as: Six Sigma, boundarlyess culture, and globalization. However, though he does spend considerable time on these standard topics, he provides much more in the way of underlying reasons for the success of these programs, and for their derivation. Unlike other books written about Welch, he wrote this one largely by himself and I found it extremely interesting compared to some of the previous efforts of authors trying to capture the essence of both Welch and GE. Of particular interest was Welch’s detailed analysis of Reg Jones’ selection process in 1980 that led to Welch succeeding him as CEO, versus Welch’s own selection process nearly twenty years later for his own replacement. Welch describes in game-like fashion his position of underdog against eight other GE executives under consideration for the job. â€Å"We were all working our butts off trying to differentiate ourselves.†2 Welch ultimately wins the game but vows to himself to select his successor in a different and more fair way, if at all possible. He would get that chance in a process he began in 1994 when he asked his VP for executive development to put together a list of attributes for the â€Å"ideal CEO†3 â€Å"The specs were filled with skills and characteristics you’d want: integrity/values, experience, vision, leadership, edge, stature, fairness, and enery/balance/courage.† 4 Those that filled this criteria totaled 23, but were whittled down to eight serious candidates by 1998. In 2000 Welch formally announced the three final candidates, but took an unprecedented bold step in naming each of their replacements. This ensured that GE would lose two top executives after naming one to become the new CEO, but was done to provide the new leader 100% confidence that he was in charge and would have no reason to have to look over his shoulder. I found the process that named Jeff Immelt CEO and the one that selected Welch in 1980 both fascinating. Welch delivers his message in a confident and candid manner as one might expect, but quite self-effacing at times which may surprise some readers. He certainly takes credit for, and celebrates victories, but gave equal time in the book, if not more, to his mistakes. As a recent book review in The Wall Street Journal indicates, â€Å"He lacks standard-issue pomposity and makes plenty of jokes at his own expense.†5 From relaying a time early in his career when his new car had a hose spring a leak and ruin his suit and the paint on the car, to bigger mistakes such as the well publicized perceived failure of GE’s Kidder Peabody unit, Welch maintains an air of humility and self deprecation throughout the book. Takeaways: As an employee of GE’s medical division, I enjoy reading about Welch and have read a few other books about him. However, none captivated me as this one did. I expected to find it interesting but had no idea how much so until only a few pages into it. Learning about the boy, the student, the engineer, and the leader who would transform an already successful company into arguably the best company in the world was very entertaining. For me, working in the GE culture and experiencing it as I have over the past four years gives me a tremendous sense of pride. I understand Welch’s vision well when he speaks of, â€Å"the four Es of GE leadership: very high energy levels, the ability to energize others around common goals, the edge to make tough yes-and-no decisions, and finally, the ability to consistently execute and deliver on their promises.†6 I understand what he looks for and strive hard to emulate that image. In my opinion, hearing his basis and rationale for creating this culture further enhances people’s abilities to thrive in it. My final takeaway involves that of integrity. Welch begins and ends the book with this theme and mentions it many times throughout. I’ve heard him mention it many times previously, but he drives it home with such passion and conviction here in his memoirs. â€Å"I never had two agendas. There was only one way-the straight way.†7 With no regrets and apologies to none, the business world certainly has not heard the last of Jack Welch. Endnotes 1. Jack Welch and John A. Byrne, Jack: Straight From The Gut (New York: Warner Business Books, 2001), 156. 2. Ibid., 79. 3. Ibid., 409. 4. Ibid. 5. Holman W. Jenkins Jr., â€Å"Life According To Jack Welch,† The Wall Street Journal, 21 September 2001, sec.W, p. 12. 6. Welch, 158. 7. Ibid., 381. Bibliography â€Å"Life According To Jack Welch.† The Wall Street Journal, 21 September 2001, sec. W, p. 1. Welch, Jack, and John A. Byrne. Jack: Straight From The Gut. New York: Warner Business Books, 2001.

Compensation and Benefits Plan for SMC †Business Research Paper (300 Level Course)

Compensation and Benefits Plan for SMC – Business Research Paper (300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Compensation and Benefits Plan for SMC Business Research Paper(300 Level Course) SMC is a locally owned and operated company that currently employees 89 employees. Due to a shrinking labor market and increasing turnover within the SMC Company, I have decided to propose a comprehensive, progressive compensation and benefits plan in hopes of decreasing the amount of turnover and increasing the stability of the work force. A recent Ernst Young survey calculated that the cost of replacing a high-level employee may be as much as 150 percent of that departing employees salary. Obviously cost is also factor in deciding what benefits we can offer our employees. There are a host of free and low-cost benefits we can offer that will greatly increase job satisfaction among our work force while costing SMC little to no money. The first option is negotiating special discounts for employees at local stores and restaurants. Hotels, service providers and amusement parks are usually willing to give discounts to team members as long as a small amount of advertising is provided by the company in areas such as break rooms and company memos. Another fantastic idea is to offer free seminars at lunch for employees who would like to attend. Health-care workers, financial planners, safety experts, attorneys and other professionals will often offer their speaking services at no charge. Education is beneficial for both your employees and our business. We can offer a credit union membership. One of the most appreciated, but most overlooked, benefits is membership in a credit union. There are some 6,000 well-established, state-chartered credit unions throughout the United States and Canada that accept start-up businesses as members at no charge. The benefits to our employees are threefold: most likely theyll increase their savings rates (especially if you offer automatic payroll deduction), have access to lower loan rates, and pay lower feesif anyfor services. One last free option we should instate is to offer supplemental health insurance that is paid for by the employees through payroll deductions. Many health care providers will offer discounts for employees who are subjected to this type of health insurance plan. This way, it does not cost SMC any money, and it gives a discount to our employees for personal and family coverage. A good insurance plan for employees will decrease sick days for employees and dramatically increase workers satisfaction. As stated above, cost was a major factor in coming up with an effective benefits package for our employees. All the above options proposed will not cost SMC any money whatsoever. It is proposed that with these implements employee job satisfaction will increase up to 20% which should increase our bargaining power in hiring new team members as well as decrease turnover of our current team members. Research Papers on Compensation and Benefits Plan for SMC - Business Research Paper (300 Level Course)Twilight of the UAWMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

10 newbie nurse confessions

10 newbie nurse confessions Nurses who are new to the profession often face a variety of unique challenges. On top of the long hours, tremendous responsibility, stress, and demands of the job, there’s the fact that the health and wellbeing of others is literally in your hands. That can be a lot to handle, even for the most seasoned and experienced nurses, and the first few months and years on the job can often be a real learning experience. As a new nurse, you may be wondering if all new nurses face the same hurdles as they learn the realities of the profession each day. It can be really beneficial for newbie nurses to hear the thoughts and confessions of fellow nurses, which can help them draw strength and wisdom from the community of dedicated nursing professionals.Or perhaps you’re still at the stage where you’re thinking of becoming a nurse and are wondering if the realities of the job match your ideas about what you think it’ll be like. If this is where you are, hearing the stor ies of new nurses can be incredibly valuable and empower you to make the right decision about whether or not becoming a nurse is the right move for you.Nurse.org recently released an article titled â€Å"10 Things I Wish I Knew Before Becoming a Nurse,†Ã‚  which contains a wealth of wit and wisdom from newbie nurses across the country. Use this valuable information to draw strength and gain new insights into the nursing profession.Here’s a look at the 10 things these nurses discuss.1. It’s okay that you don’t know everything.Just as life is a series of discoveries and learning experiences, so is being a nurse. Be prepared to enter the profession not knowing everything- and realize that although you never will know absolutely everything, if you let yourself be open to learning and growing then each day on the job will make you a better nurse.2. Be prepared to be on your own.Although as a nurse you’re always a part of a system of healthcare professio nals who each play a crucial role in ensuring that patients have access to a broad spectrum of beneficial services, you may be surprised to learn that you’ll have a great deal of autonomy when deciding how to tackle issues on the job. Trust your training and instincts, and ask for help from veteran nurses on your team if you need it.3. Slow down.Always remember that as a nurse, the decisions you make will have significant consequences on your patients’ wellbeing. Therefore, it’s always worth it to slow down and take the time to make thoughtful decisions. Although a crucial part of being a nurse is the ability to make quick decisions in the middle of a crisis, whenever feasible you should take the time you need to make sure you’re making the right decisions.4. Show gratitude.The environments nurses typically work in can be stressful and pressure-filled, to say the least. Helping to create a more cordial, pleasant, and positive work atmosphere- by always sh owing gratitude to your colleagues and patients- can go a long way towards making a difficult job a little easier. Showing gratitude can also help strengthen your professional relationships, which is always a good idea- especially if you’re new to the field and can benefit from the wisdom and guidance of your coworkers.5. Your patients always come first.If the nursing profession has a â€Å"Golden Rule† then this is it. Never forget why you’re doing what you’re doing as a nurse- to help serve the needs of your patients who are in mentally, physically, and emotionally vulnerable situations and are relying on you for help and care. It’s why you became a nurse in the first place, and staying true to this noble mission will help see you through each work day.6. Be prepared to change.Being a nurse is a life-changing journey- working in a field that encompasses such a profound life and death continuum will inevitable change you. If you stay true to your mission and let the job change you for the better, you’ll become a more empathetic, intuitive, and effective nurse.7. Don’t forget to care for yourself.This may sound obvious, but you’d be surprised by how many nurses who get so focused and wrapped up in taking care of the needs of others that they neglect their own basic needs- and when this happens it isn’t long before their ability to do their jobs effectively is compromised. Never forget that taking care of yourself will better allow you to take care of others.8. A bad shift does not make you a bad nurse.This can be one of the toughest lessons a nurse will have to face. No one is perfect and none of us have a completely error-free track record at work, but mistakes can be especially devastating for nurses because of the critical life and death nature of their work. Every nurse must learn that on-the-job mistakes happen, and the goal should be to make each mistake a learning opportunity along the road to being the very best professional you can possibly be.9. Don’t be afraid to ask questions.Avoiding asking questions out of fear that you’ll appear ignorant or unprepared is a big mistake- don’t forget that no nurse, especially those who are new to the job, knows everything. The best way to learn is to ask questions. So be sure to push through any hesitancy that you may be feeling and ask questions when you need to.10. Always listen to your patients.In the daily rush and pressure of being a nurse, it can be easy to forget this basic tenet- but you shouldn’t. Don’t assume that just because you’re the professional that you’ll have all the answers regarding what your patients need. Asking them how they’re feeling, what they’re experiencing, and what they need and listening to them when they need to be heard will make every patient encounter better- both for you and for them.There you have it- 10 things veteran nurses wish they knew before they became nurses. Draw strength from their confessions, learn from their experiences, and move forward in your journey towards becoming the best nurse you can possibly be. Good luck!